Machine Learning Research

Large language models often fail at puzzles like Sudoku, for which a solution includes multiple elements and a single mistake invalidates all of them. Researchers showed that a tiny network, by repeatedly refining its solution, can solve this sort of puzzle well.

Amazon raised the competitive profile of its foundation models and added services for custom model training and an agent platform for browser automation.

Claude Opus 4.5, the latest version of Anthropic’s flagship model, extends the earlier version’s strengths in coding, computer use, and agentic workflows while generating fewer tokens.

In factories, where teams of robotic arms work in tight spaces, their motions are programmed by hand to keep them from interfering with one another. Researchers automated this programming using graph neural networks trained via reinforcement learning.

Baidu debuted two models: a lightweight, open-weights, vision-language model and a giant, proprietary, multimodal model built to take on U.S. competitors.

Models that generate 3D spaces typically generate them as users move through them without generating a persistent world to be explored later. A new model produces 3D worlds that can be exported and modified.

Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) image-segmentation model has evolved into an open-weights suite for generating 3D objects. SAM 3 segments images, SAM 3D turns the segments into 3D objects, and SAM 3D Body produces 3D objects of any people among the segments. You can experiment with all three.

Large language models can develop character traits like cheerfulness or sycophancy during fine-tuning. Researchers developed a method to identify, monitor, and control such traits.

Google introduced Gemini 3 Pro and Nano Banana Pro, its flagship vision-language and image-generation models, and deployed them to billions of users worldwide.

Large language models may have learned knowledge that’s relevant to a given prompt, but they don’t always recall it consistently. Fine-tuning a model to search its parameters as though it were searching the web can help it find knowledge in its own weights.

Independent cybersecurity researchers pushed back on a report by Anthropic that claimed hackers had used its Claude Code agentic coding system to perpetrate an unprecedented automated cyberattack.

The latest open-weights large language model from Moonshot AI challenges top proprietary LLMs at agentic tasks by executing hundreds of tool calls sequentially and pausing to think between each.

Waymo became the first company to offer fully autonomous, driverless taxi service on freeways in the United States.

Transformers are well suited to predicting future values of time series like energy prices, wages, or weather, but often — as in those examples — multiple time series often influence one another. Researchers built a model that can forecast multiple time series simultaneously.

A year-in-review report heralds the dawn of AI’s industrial era.