Letters from Andrew Ng

In the age of AI, large corporations — not just startups — can move fast. I often speak with large companies’ C-suite and Boards about AI strategy and implementation, and would like to share some ideas that are applicable to big companies.

AI’s ability to make tasks not just cheaper, but also faster, is underrated in its importance in creating business value.

I’m delighted to announce that AI Fund has closed $190M for our new fund, in an oversubscribed round.

A “10x engineer” — a widely accepted concept in tech — purportedly has 10 times the impact of the average engineer.

The buzz over DeepSeek this week crystallized, for many people, a few important trends that have been happening in plain sight.

Writing software, especially prototypes, is becoming cheaper. This will lead to increased demand for people who can decide what to build. AI Product Management has a bright future!

I’m thrilled that former students and postdocs of mine won both of this year’s NeurIPS Test of Time Paper Awards.

AI Product Management is evolving rapidly. The growth of generative AI and AI-based developer tools has created numerous opportunities to build AI applications.

There’s a lingering misconception that building with generative AI is expensive.

Startups live or die by their ability to execute at speed. For large companies, too, the speed with which an innovation team is able to iterate has a huge impact on its odds of success.

Recently I visited South Korea, where I spoke at length about AI with President Yoon Suk Yeol. Based on what I saw there in government, business, and academia, the nation is well positioned to become a strong AI hub.

After a recent price reduction by OpenAI, GPT-4o tokens now cost $4 per million tokens (using a blended rate that assumes 80% input and 20% output tokens).

When entrepreneurs build a startup, it is often their speed and momentum that gives them a shot at competing with the tech behemoths. This is true of countries as well.

Last week, I wrote about why working on a concrete startup or project idea — meaning a specific product envisioned in enough detail that we can build it for a specific target user

I’ve noticed a trend in how generative AI applications are built that might affect both big companies and developers: The gravity of data is decreasing.